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}} |linking_name = Europe |image_flag = Flag of Europe.svg |alt_flag = Circle of 12 gold stars on a blue background |motto = "United in diversity"〔〔〔 |anthem = "Ode to Joy" 〔 center |image_map = Global European Union.svg |map_caption = |map_width = 220px |capital = Brussels | latd=50 |latm=51 |latNS=N |longd=4 |longm=21 |longEW=E |largest_settlement = London and Paris |largest_settlement_type = cities |official_languages = |demonym = European〔 |org_type = Politico-economic union |membership_type = Member states |membership = |leader_title1 = President of the European Commission |leader_name1 = Jean-Claude Juncker |leader_title2 = President of the European Council |leader_name2 = Donald Tusk |legislature = Parliament |sovereignty_type = Formation〔Current Article 1 of the Treaty on European Union reads:"The Union shall be founded on the present Treaty and on the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Those two Treaties shall have the same legal value. The Union shall replace and succeed the European Community".〕 |established_event1 = Treaty of Rome |established_date1 = 1 January 1958 |established_event2 = |established_date2 = 1 November 1993 |official_website = |area_rank = 7tha |area_magnitude = 1 E12 |area_km2 = 4,324,782 |area_sq_mi = |percent_water = 3.08 |population_estimate = 508,191,116〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Eurostat - Population on 1 January 2015 )〕 |population_estimate_rank = 3rda |population_estimate_year = 2015 |population_density_km2 = 115.8 |population_density_sq_mi = 300.9 |population_density_rank = |GDP_PPP = $19.035 trillion〔 |GDP_PPP_rank = 1sta |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $37,607〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 19tha |GDP_nominal = $16.449 trillion〔 |GDP_nominal_rank = 2nda |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $32,498〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 16tha |Gini_year = 2010 |Gini_change = |Gini = 30.4 |Gini_ref = 〔 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2011 |HDI_change = increase |HDI = 0.876 |HDI_ref = 〔Calculated using UNDP data for the member states with weighted population.〕 |HDI_rank = 13th25tha |currency = |time_zone = WET (UTC)〔Not including overseas territories〕 CET (UTC+1) EET (UTC+2) |time_zone_DST = WEST (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2) EEST |utc_offset_DST = +3 |date_format = |cctld = .eu〔.eu is representative of the whole of the EU; member states also have their own TLDs.〕 |footnote_a = If considered as a single entity. }} The European Union (EU) is a politico-economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It covers an area of 4,324,782 km2, with an estimated population of over 508 million. The EU operates through a system of supranational institutions and intergovernmental-negotiated decisions by the member states. The institutions are: the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank, and the Court of Auditors. The European Parliament is elected every five years by EU citizens. The EU has developed a single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Europa web portal )〕 EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital,〔 (【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Europa web portal )〕 enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Agriculture and Fisheries Council )〕 fisheries, and regional development.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/index_en.cfm )〕 The monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002. It is currently composed of 19 member states that use the euro as their legal tender. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), formed by the Inner Six countries in 1951 and 1958, respectively. In the intervening years, the community and its successors have grown in size by the accession of new member states and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union under its current name in 1993 and introduced European citizenship.〔 The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009. Covering 7.3% of the world population,〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Vienna Institute of Demography )〕 the EU in 2014 generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of 18.495 trillion US dollars, constituting approximately 24% of global nominal GDP and 17% when measured in terms of purchasing power parity.〔see List of countries by GDP (nominal) and List of countries by GDP (PPP). Both pages are about countries and therefore the EU is not ranked.〕 Additionally, 26 out of 28 EU countries have a very high Human Development Index, according to the UNDP. In 2012, the EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the EU has developed a role in external relations and defence. The union maintains permanent diplomatic missions throughout the world and represents itself at the United Nations, the WTO, the G8, and the G-20. Because of its global influence, the European Union has been described as a current or as a potential superpower. ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「European Union」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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